Environmental Pollution Essay

Environmental pollution is the biggest menace to the human race on this planet today. It means adding impurity to environment. The environment consists of earth, water, air, plants and animals. If we pollute them, then the existence of man and nature will be hampered. It is true that trees are being cut down rapidly. Our earth is becoming warmer. If pollution continues, the day is not far when our earth will be a boiling pan and become a desert. Or it will be covered with sea water causing destruction of mankind. Pure air is always needed for inhaling. If we take pure air, our health improves. On the other hand impure air causes diseases and impairs our health and causes our death. Smoke pollutes the air. It is the root of air pollution. The smoke which is discharged from industries, automobiles and kitchens is the mixture of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane etc. These are all poisonous gases. These cause lung-cancer, tuberculosis etc. which take a heavy toll of life. The glaring incident is the Bhopal gas leak in December 1984. Thousands of the residents of Bhopal died due to lungs problem which was caused by methylamine gas from the Union Carbide Plant. The garbage emitting foul smell, the decaying plants and animals also cause air pollution. Hence the doctors advise the patients having lungs trouble to settle in some rural places because the air of villages is pure and free from population. Then comes sound pollution. The harsh sounds of buses, its, mopeds etc. affect our power of hearing and causes fart trouble. It has been reported that there are two villages named Biraspalli and Devadas Palli near Dum Dum airport m Calcutta where a large number of people have lost their power of hearing. This is because of the frequent sounds of planes coming in and going out of Dum Dum Airport. The evils of sound pollution can be imagined from this example. The water of rivers and seas is being constantly polluted all over the world by various dangerous chemical and biological wastes. Mills and factories discharge very harmful waste waters into many rivers and sea. The water of the Ganges flowing by the side of both Varanashi and Calcutta is extremely polluted and contains all sorts of dangerous bacteria. It is really very strange and laughable that large number of the Indians regard this water as holy. They even drink this water for salvation. There is no doubt that the fish that grow in such waters are poisonous too. Reckless application of chemical fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides pollutes the soil. Vegetables and fruits are quite injurious today, because they contain the poison of insecticides and pesticides. If the air we breathe, the water we drink and the soil which produces our crops, vegetables and fruits, all become more and more impure, then our chances of good health and longevity will be very less and less. Environment pollution is a serious menace to our existence. Realising the danger, we must plant trees in large number to absorb impure air. Impure water from industries can be sent back for purification and then it can be used for irrigation purpose. Our government is well aware of the fact and is taking steps to save environment from pollution. We have also I minister to look after the environment.

Assess the Value of the Chivalry Thesis in Understanding Gender Differences in Crime

Assess the value of the â€Å"chivalry thesis† in understanding gender differences in crime (21) The chivalry thesis is where women are treated more leniently than men by the criminal justice system. This is because of paternalism and sexism when it comes to male dominated police and courts. As a result of this, criminal statistics underestimate the true extent of female offending. This is because police officers are less likely to convict a woman of a less serious crime because it is a woman therefore are seen as more likely to just get a warning.Graham and bowling (1995) did a self-report study on 14-25 year olds and found that 55% of males and 35% of females admitted to offences in the last twelve months. This suggests that males commit more crime than women in general although this self-report study is based on the younger generations of males and females. Women are also more likely to admit to their offences, which concludes this figure is an accurate one and may suggest that the male figure could also be even higher. Another study would be the youth lifestyles survey (2000) where it was found that 11% females and 26% males committed serious crimes in the last twelve months.In general, women are seen to commit less serious crimes like shoplifting and are very rare for them to commit a violent crime. These statistics show that males are a lot more violent and are more capable of committing more serious crimes compared to women. Flood page et all (2000) found that one in eleven self-reported offences by women resulted in prosecution whereas one in seven did for males. This backs up what Allen (1987) says where women are less likely to be given custodial sentences for indictable motoring offences because they are able to talk their way out of it and apologise sweetly.This could also be the case when it comes to prosecution. As well as this, women are seen to be treated more leniently by law for example, first offenders are half as likely to be given a sentence of immediate imprisonment, where as if it was a man there is no doubt about it. Women are also seen by the police as a less serious threat compared to men and they seem to benefit from informal approaches to their offences such as just a caution or warning.Pollak (1961) states that men(including police officers) are protective towards women and are less likely to prosecute them because of this, especially if it is a typical crime that a women is seen to commit. Female defendants are treated more sympathetically unless it is a crime against children or a serious crime that is seen as a crime only men commit. Because of this protectiveness towards women and courts giving them sympathy this creates an invalid picture on crime rates.Another study would be the ministry of justice (2009) where 49% of females recorded of committing a crime received no more than a caution but in 2007 this figure was 30% which implies that this problem is getting worse year by year. On the other han d, studies by Graham and Bowling and Youth lifestyle study, both found that males tended to be involved in more serious offences, which would explain the higher proportions of men among the convicted and cautioned, also possible males are more likely than females to admit offences in self-report studies.Box (1981) did a self-report study in Britain and USA and found that statistics on gender and crime are fairly accurate. He found that women who commit serious offences are not treated more favourably than men; as well as this the lower rate of prosecutions of females compared to the self-report studies may be because the crimes they admit to are less serious and aren’t likely to go on trial. Women offenders also seem a lot more likely to show regret, which may help to explain why they are more likely to receive a caution instead of going to court instead of police and courts just being seen as protective.Buckle and Farrington (1984) found that men were twice as likely as wome n to shop lift even though official figures suggest men and women are equal. There could be many reasons for this, such as women could be a lot less subtle about it as they are seen as more innocent, whereas males hanging about browsing at things in a department store looks a lot more abnormal. Although women commit less serious crime, those who do are likely to face a serious punishment compared to the males that get convicted for the same crime.This is because it isn’t seen as an acceptable way for a women to act as it defies their feminine role of being caring and loving. Violent crimes are seen to be male crimes because it is scientifically proven that males are a lot more aggressive compared to females because of their levels of testosterone. So when women commit a violent crime, the courts come down on them like a tonne of bricks because of how unnatural it is. Carlen (1997) says that’s sentences given to women are based on the female role and the way that a cert ain female fulfils this role and her character.For example if she is an aggressive women, she will probably get a longer sentence as it strictly defies the female role, whereas if a women was very regretful about what she had done, the courts are more likely to give her sympathy and a softer sentence. If women commit a violent crime they are seen as doubly deviant because they aren’t just committing a crime they are defying their role as a women. Farrington and Morris (1983) did a study, which was the sentencing of 408 offences of theft in a magistrate’s court.They found that women were not treated any differently when it came to crimes men and women both committed as they were seen to end up with similar sentences no matter what their circumstances were. This suggests that the chivalry thesis doesn’t always apply and it may not apply at all. There is seen to be a clear divide in what is and isn’t a female crime. Crimes like shoplifting aren’t as s erious, which means that it may not always end up in court because bigger crimes come first which suggest looking at statistics from convictions and court sentences isn’t an accurate way of measuring the number of female criminals.This may be why the male statistics are always higher because they are usually the ones to commit the worse crimes. Overall I don’t think the chivalry thesis is very valid as it forgets to look at the crimes women commit that don’t get recorded as they get off with a caution. Just because it isn’t a prison sentence, doesn’t mean that the police are being lenient with women it just means that women don’t often commit as serious crimes, but they still do commit crime.

European Union Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

European Union - Essay Example According to Templeton, the economic impetus behind the euro project can be traced from the relatively poor performance of the European economies over the past twenty years or more (8). Templeton states that Europe has, for a long time, suffered from relatively weak economic growth, persistently high unemployment and weak economic growth (8). In fact, a term, Eurosclerosis, has been coined to describe the dismal performance of the European economy which became more pronounced in the 1980s. In order to correct these problems, European policy making in the last fifteen years emphasized in launching two significant projects: (1) the single European market, with the free movement of goods, labor, services and capital , and (2) the euro project, the plan for European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). Chabot pointed out that it is a common misconception that the euro, [or more generally, the European Union] is primarily an economic project (37). In fact, Chabot asserts that the project is intensely a political one that has been entangled in the history of Europe for many years. In short, the project has evolved as an essential step toward the ultimate goal of â€Å"ever closer† political integration first planned in the 1958 Treaty of Rome, and that the language of the subsequent treaties makes it clear that the euro’s introduction is based far more than economic pros and cons (Chabot 37-38). Former Germany Chancellor Helmut Kohl viewed that euro’s economic benefits are only secondary.... Chabot pointed out that it is a common misconception that the euro, [or more generally, the European Union] is primarily an economic project (37). In fact, Chabot asserts that the project is intensely a political one that has been entangled in the history of Europe for many years. In short, the project has evolved as an essential step toward the ultimate goal of "ever closer" political integration first planned in the 1958 Treaty of Rome, and that the language of the subsequent treaties makes it clear that the euro's introduction is based far more than economic pros and cons (Chabot 37-38). Former Germany Chancellor Helmut Kohl viewed that euro's economic benefits are only secondary and emphasizing instead that "the unification project is the best insurance against a relapse of national egoism, chauvinism and violent conflict" (qtd. in Chabot 38). Chabot continues on that the legacy of two world wars plays a crucial role in the process of European integration (38). Benefits of a Monetary Union In his book, Economics of Monetary Union, Paul De Grauwe asserted that whereas the costs of a common currency have much to do with the macroeconomic management of a country, the benefits are mostly situated at the microeconomic level (60). Eliminating the costs of exchanging one currency into another is certainly the most visible and easily the most quantifiable) gain from a monetary union (De Grauwe 60). The European Commission estimates that the gains derived from the elimination of transaction costs fall between 13 and 20 billion euros per year, one-quarter to one-half of 1% of the Community GDP (qtd. in De Grauwe 60). De Grauwe argues

Assingment 4 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assingment 4 - Coursework Example Example: Suppose a firm produces 1000 units with 10 laborers, remember the main objective of any firm is to maximize revenue, the management may opts to hire more workers to increase output which will lead to an increase in profit but if the contribution of 11^th worker will lead to a decrease in output, then it will only be important to employ enough employees who maximize the output without causing the marginal product to diminish. Largo Publishing House is not making the optimal choice on input amounts. This is due to the fact that there is underestimation of printers employed. A simple calculation can prove this. If the last printer can add 20 books to the total output and press is adding 1000 books, if you take (1000/2 = 50). This shows that fifty (50) printers can be used to do the work of one printing press machine hence the publishing house will be saving $ 4000. cost of one machine is $600.This indicates that the company should not install the textile machine since its total cost overweight’s hand labor cost which is $1350 compared to machine cost which amounts to $1500. i.e. ($1500

Five Advertisements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Five Advertisements - Essay Example Some of the mass media channels used for advertising include newspaper, television stations, radio advertisement, newspaper, outdoor advertising, or new media such direct mail, text massages, or website. Not all advertisements are aimed at promoting sales; others are geared at keeping customers informed of availability of certain products in the market. Some of the advertisement that gives no reasons for purchasing the products includes advertising to profession or business, institution advertising, pioneering advertising, Obtrusive advertising, competitive advertising, and remainder advertising. This form of advertising targets professionals and resellers. The media type that is mandated to carry out this form uses professional magazines or directly mails the customers. The ads herein do not aim at influencing customers directly and the products presented for advertisement are not to be bought by final users. For instance, a company-advising mortgage for the developers has nothing to do with customers or the end users. In other words, the advisement does not target the final customers. The corporate ads form part of these ads. They often target stockholders, financial institutes, employees, government, and political leaders (Phillips & Rasberry 127). The main aim of institutional or corporate ads may be to boost or establish corporate image and identity, counter any negative attitude towards the company, to promote industry’s interest in relation to some potential social or public interests. The current Aditya Birla group campaign ads would fit into this category. This type of advertisement tries to create a selective demand; that is the demand of a specific manufacture’s product as opposed to product category. The major companies that are involved or seek this form of advertisement are innovating companies who are ever forced to show the customer the evolution the company’s product. For

A Critique of the Movie Monsieur Ibrahim Review

A Critique of the Monsieur Ibrahim - Movie Review Example Interrelated themes include an expansive view of Islam that respects other religions and other faiths, and views all men with love and respect. They also include a cosmopolitan Islam that embraces all, the prostitute, the Jew, the Orthodox, the Catholic, and the saint, with equal reverence and compassion. These themes meanwhile tie-up with the theme of the differences between formal religion, doctrine, and churches on the one hand, and a personal and lived spirituality as typified by the Sufi spirituality of Ibrahim on the other. It is about how a personal spirituality that is grounded on an authentic view of God is also an authentic way of viewing the message of the Koran (Ernst; Siddiqui; â€Å"Monsieur Ibrahim†). II. Discussion The physical context in France, in a section of Paris where prostitutes ply their trade. The main characters play out roles as a Jewish teenager about to become a man. and as an old Sufi Muslim and store owner, who from the beginning seems to have a connection with the young man. He is able seemingly to read his thoughts. Their social and religious associations hint at a deeper reality that needs probing. Being a Jew has social contexts, and so is being an â€Å"Arab† in France. Moises is Momo to Monsieur Ibrahim. The old man's name hints at his Muslim roots, and he does not hide it. We learn that he is Muslim, and he is a devout reader of the Koran, but that he is also a Sufi, a religious adept. As a Sufi, he disregards the legalistic, dogmatic side of Islam. He thus so to favor of personal spirituality. Outwardly he is friendly and calm, and certainly not at all intimidated by the young boy's Jewishness.  

Exploring relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Exploring relationship - Essay Example To comply with the requirements of the paper, one would explore whether different Shih Tzus exemplify distinct and unique characteristics and traits or opt to select a favored member through particular behavior being exhibited. Likewise, one explores the concept of loyalty developed and exhibited by dogs to their masters from various experiences. Currently, one’s family owns five Shih Tzus: three female and two male. All came from the dam (or mother) named Mahogany. The sire (the father) just recently died after 8 years of sharing his productive and unselfish love with all family members. He would be truly missed. From all the current Shih Tzus, one is particularly dominant in terms of exhibiting more aggressive behavior with regards to her view of guests, other pets, and the way she perceives herself as a member of the family. Her name is Ceesily, a pure while female of 16 months, who already bore one male puppy, named Hachiko. Ceesily had already exhibited dominant traits ev er since she was born. She was the eldest of a brood of six puppies and at the moment she was delivered. Her mother, Mahogany, immediately decided transferring to another place to deliver the rest of the puppies. Being lost and apparently abandoned, family members found Ceesily crawling fast under the bed looking for her mother. She was the first to open her eyes, the first to crawl, to walk, to run and to assume a playful and mischievous pup to the others. However, as she began to grow, family members immediately recognized that Ceesily’s physical appearance was different from the others. Her coat was not shaggy but finer and confined to her body. She did not grow them over her eyes and therefore, we could not bind them to a knot and put a cute ribbon, like the others. Likewise, she is the most aggressive to guests as she keeps barking and charging at new people who come visit the house. Despite her aggressiveness, she is also the only one who sleeps with the youngest member of the family on the bed; since Ceesily is the only one among them who could jump high and could therefore treat herself to a lazy afternoon on the sofa or the bed, as she desires. Upon observation, one noted that the Shih Tzus chose one’s mother as their master or boss since she was the one who regularly feeds them. When feeding time comes, all five are aligned in strategic positions patiently waiting for their respective share. Another indication that these pet dogs have selected her as their special friend is the fact the when she works on her computer (as she is a freelance writer), all the five dogs could be observed scattered by her side. Ceesily, as her jumping prowess would attest, could be seen lying on the sofa chair where one’s mother is seated. The rest of the dogs lie by her foot, one under the table, and still others within the vicinity. One female, a young six month old puppy named Fruitcake, would sometimes beg her to be carried and be lodged together with Ceesily on the couch. It was like seeing a whole Shih Tzu family surrounding their own mother. When she finishes her work, all the dogs go down together with her, except Fruitcake, who despite knowing how to ascend the stairs, have not learned the skills to go down; as such, mother goes down with Fruitcake being carried. Having pets in the family is actually challenging in terms of additional

Careers & Career Management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Careers & Career Management - Term Paper Example The purpose of career management is to support the people in achieving their aims and goals. Career management program involves a number of human resource management concepts which assist individuals in enhancing their performance through reviews and feedbacks. It enables individuals in identifying their skills and implementing them for their benefit along with the progression of the organization at large. This will assist them in developing a correct career path as per their capability and knowledge. The success of the individuals depends on the selection of the correct principles and guidelines which would enrich their skills. It is often observed that career success and career failure depends on certain decisive factors within the career path of an individual that ultimately create the difference (Public Service Commission, â€Å"Defining Career Management†). Correspondingly, the objective of the paper is to understand the reason behind the success and the failure of a pers on depending on the career management aspects. The importance of career management and the positive outcome are also evaluated in this paper. DESCRIPTION OF THE SUCCESS STORY OF ALAN MULALLY Alan Mulally is the present Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the Ford Motor Company. He is as an American engineer by education who has attained unparalleled success in his careers in Ford Motors and the Boeing Company. He became the CEO and the President of the Ford Motor Company in the year 2006. Before his career with Ford Motors, he was the President and CEO of Boeing from September 1998 to September 5, 2006. He was responsible for the working and service deliverance by Boeing (Bloomberg Business Week, â€Å"Alan R. Mulally†). Alan Mulally is a graduate from the University of Kansas. He had a degree in the aeronautical and astronautical engineering and is also a management degree holder which he completed in 1982. He started his professional career in Boeing just immediately after he was out from his college as an engineer. He contributed in the progress of the company through his ideas and hard work. He demonstrated his hard work through making designs which were benefiting the company. Through his dedication, attitude and thoughtfulness, he soon became the Vice President for his project work on 777. In a little while, he was promoted as the Senior Vice President as he displayed his skills and knowledge of engineering in his work. His interests, focus towards the company, along with depiction of knowledge and skills had been driving him towards success. Subsequently, through his entrepreneurship, values and communication skills, he became the CEO of the company. The objective of the company and his individual skills were allowing him to flourish as the key decision maker within the organization. Through his perception and a clear mind-set, he has always remained aware of the needs and wants from his professional life (Bloomberg Business Week, â€Å"Alan R. Mul ally†). The contribution of Alan Mulally in Boeing through his efficiency and storing vision acted as key factor in bestowing him with the role of CEO in Ford Motors in the year 2006. He was appointed as the CEO to save the company from the financial crunch it was facing. Throughout his career, he has been recognized for his contribution along with leadership style, and for which he has been awarded with the â€Å"

The impact of sexual abuse on a child and the child's family. Include Research Paper

The impact of sexual abuse on a child and the child's family. Include a discussion of appropriate treatment for the child and the child's family - Research Paper Example The use of a child in pornography videos is also regarded to as an abuse (2012). Towards the extreme end of the case, it involves sexual intercourse with the child with or without his or her consent. Therefore, child sexual abuse can be regarded as the act of coercing a child into sexual activities. There have been complications involved in dealing with this issue, since the child abuse has difficulties involved in solving, because of inadequate awareness of the things that constitute to the act of the abuse. There have been numerous initiatives, from the mental health and child protection professionals to reduce the problem since it is becoming common in the society. There have been very many cases of child sexual abuse both locally and internationally. This is an indication of the level of immorality in the society that is resulting to the insecurity to children in society. This is more accelerated by the use of drugs and exposure to other immoral materials like the pornographic materials that create the incentive of doing these things. Child sexual abuse results to an impact of there being no apparent effect to others that are very severe. There are those children who are involved in an abuse by family members with a high level of physical force (Wyatt and Mickey, 1987). This results to separation anxiety to posttraumatic stress disorder. Various effects result from the child from the act the sexual abuse includes fear. The child who is sexually abused often has a feeling that they have wronged someone and that they are subject to family rejection. Others have the fear of having to cause problems to the parents if they report the case due to the reaction of the parents. This is in terms of the parents doing something to the offender that would send them to jail. The child may also be afraid of the offender since they are likely to threaten the child in order for them not to report the case. The threats could be

Marketing Mix Essay Example for Free

Marketing Mix Essay â€Å"Marketing Mix† is a set of strategy marketing tools that a firm mingles and pursues its marketing objective in the target market. (Kotler and Armstrong, 2006, p.51) The main purpose of marketing is satisfies the needs of consumers. This concept was introduced by Harvard University Professor Neil Borden first adopted in 1964. (Neil Borden, 1964) It is the basis for the development of corporate marketing strategy in order to guarantee and satisfaction consumer needs and wants. In addition, it is also a trick for corporate against a strong competitor to rational allocation of corporate marketing budget costs and avoids the market failure. In the early 1950s, Professor McCarthy inference if a firm wants to develop marketing activities should be controlled factors grouped into four categories which are product, price, place and promotion. (McCarthy, 1960) The emergence of the marketing mix means that the concept of market operators to complete the transformation of old and new regulations read, the development of new ideas marketing concept. The marketing concept is the core of the target customers needs as the centre, the implementation of the marketing mix focusing on the overall market to obtain profits and achieve corporate marketing objectives. For example, the marketers will use the tools to adapt the consumer differ from that of a traditional and new technology product which is telegraph and Apple. The telegraph is a kind of communication services in the early 19th century invention, is the earliest use of electricity to communicate. The telegraph has greatly accelerated the flow of messages, is one of the important inventions of the industrial society. Early telegraph communications in the land, and later used the submarine cable to carry out long-distance service. To the early 20th century, began to use the radio sent telegram to the telegraph business basically have been able to reach most of the region on Earth. Telegraph is mainly used as a pass text messages. (Robert, 2012) Apples was established in 1976 by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, the core business is electronic technology products. The most famous product is the MacBook, iPod music player, iTunes Store, iPhone and the iPad Tablet PC. It is known for innovation in high-tech enterprise. When they introduced  iphone4 and iPad, it is shook the entire world, because it delivers the latest advanced and progressive in the smart phone to the people. Coupled with the advances of the Internet, people can communicate with each other in the quickest and shortest possible time. (Shane, 2010, p.2) When the telegraph was invented was shook the world; Apple technology developed was also shook the world. However, two products were invented at different times, so the marketing mix will be also different. Marketing Mix Tools Product Product is anything that can be offered to the market/consumer in order to satisfy their needs and wants. The types of product divide into tangible (physical goods) and intangible (services). (Philip Kotler et al, 2005, p.34) The telegraph was provided service to send the message from place to place and the Apple Company was provided physical goods to consumer e.g. IPhone and MacBook. According the MarketingTeacher theory, the core level of the two products is same. The reasons that both products shocked the world are the great inventions and consumers really want to buy for communications. 19th century, the augmented product are limited because the technology is not so developed, the telegraph service will be hampered, such as, Malaysia sent a telegram to the British have to spend more on time. Moreover, this service is difficult to guarantee that service failure in the middle or cannot reach. (Marketingteacher, 2012) However, at that time, the telegraph is the most advanced ways of communication. The telegraph introduced was successful to meet the consumers expectations. The Telegraph can do is keep the research becomes more convenient such as e-mail developed. With the advancement of the Internet, using IPhone to send information may only need a few of seconds or minutes. Advanced technology has been sufficient to attract and influence customers to buy e.g. Internet-ready communications device complete with email, web browsing, maps, application and more Apple has been able to become the largest electronics company because the brand-strategy decision. According Kotler and Keller theory, a company has 4 choices when it comes to brand strategy. Apples continuous  with line extension in recent years, such as the IPhone 3 development to the iPhone 4s. In addition, they also focus on brand extension e.g. IPod music player, MacBook, and IPad. (Kotler and Keller, 2011, p.260-261) Constant innovation will affect consumers become more eager to get better items. Apples was stimulated the certain product by implementing new design, operability, and user-friendly features. (Shane, 2010, p.13-19) Price Price is the amount of money paid by consumers in order to obtain goods and services. It is the most flexible marketing mix tools compared to the other three P because it can be changed according to certain situations. (Kotler and Armstrong, 2006, p.290) For example, price can change to low when serve a familiar customer. The era of the telegraph, telegraph monopoly by one company and demand more than supply. The absence of competitors, the level of prices is actually not greater impact on consumer decision-making. (Anonymous, 2010) In fact, the telegraph has reached maturity which mean successfully to maximize profit and maintain the market share, but in the end cannot be avoided the market penetration by new technology such as telephone and fax. Nowadays, the harvest strategies for the telegraph were still processing, but it become the history and use less service. â€Å"Apple also plans to continue lowering product prices, despite the fact that doing so would affect the company’s gross margins unfavourably.† (Shane, 2010, p.19) This obviously shows Apple considering the current trend. There are a lot of competitors, the price must be reduced, and consumers will give priority to their own economic situation and needs. For example, the MacBook is very expensive, but other brands have the same technology, but the price is low, then the Apple will lose in price. In fact, there are many factors to help Apple successful, such as, iPhone does not have the driving force without internet, or, people do not have high purchasing power in less advanced country, Place Place refers to urban and suburban whereby goods and services are made available to customer. (Philip Kotler et al, 2005, p.34) Location is also very important tactic, if the telegraph company established beside garbage,  this is impossible there are business opportunities. Apples successful because it expands the market size of the companys product to every urban in the worlds. They have a priority to brand honor, low price, and then choose a high population place, coupled with a reasonable promotion, the consumer is difficult to reject the attractive of the good opportunity to satisfy the needs and wants. For example, consumers can buy the iPhone in every city. Even if Apple was provide a good product, but there are other factors to affect the sales volume such as PEST. For example, in Malaysia, the government set the minimum salary is not high; economic downturn; the extremists are not satisfied with phone radiation; or higher scientific and technological discovery. The contrary, the telegraph machine may be a country only a few units, if consumer want to send a message, he must go very far in order to be sent information. However, they share the invention to the world, thus affecting the entire market. Countries can use the telegraph to the purchase of advanced equipment from foreign countries, is very fast compared to letters. Communications make it easier for the world to develop their own countries, such as London and New York. At the same time, the inventions of telegraph available share to other inventors in order to research and development other invention, such as telephone and Internet. Promotion Promotion is a planned effort of an organization to communicate the company offerings to customer as well as trade members, it is also known as marketing communications. (Philip Kotler et al, 2005, p.34) As competition, Apples combinations of more promotional tools (promotion mix) (Kotler and Armstrong, 2006, p.290) used to provide information and services to consumers, such as advertising the new type of iPhone 4s, or, remind the iPad product still available on market. And, sales promotion which is the package promotion provided by the middle man. For example, Maxis communicate company launched buy in low price with two 2 year contract for using Maxis service line. (Maxis 2012) In opposite, the telegraph was invented, may be placed on billboards to inform the existence of the telegraph service. Or, they may in publish in the newspaper to post the benefits of the telegraph.  Today it is impossible to see the telegraph promotional, because the telegraph has reached decline stage in product life-cycle. The promotion is a very important tool to reach consumers, providers must be given attractive and priorities guideline to consumers, in order to achieve market comparative advantages Conclusion Conclusion, if the company has long existed in the market, consideration must be given to 4p will not stop the service to the consumers. Second, companies must avoid all factors that influence consumer decisions making and continuous research and development in order to avoid be eliminated by new technology. - Question 2 (Part 2) a)  My name is Apple is a red with white strips of fruit plants. Apple flesh has a wealth of minerals and vitamins, the most commonly people used fruit. My flesh contains vitamin C and B, carotene, riboflavin, pyridoxine, dietary fibre and vitamin B complex, and so on Nutrition. Vitamin C is a powerful natural antioxidant which helps the body to develop and increase the resistance, and cleared from the body of the harmful free radicals. Dietary fibre can helps prevent absorption of dietary LDL cholesterol in the gut. The dietary fibres also help protect the mucous membrane of the colon from exposure to toxic substances by binding to cancer causing chemicals in the colon. (Nutrition-and-you, 2012) In addition, my skin is yellow, green and red, yellow and red where the flesh is sweet, while the blue is sweet with a tart. Planting apple will not be very difficult, farmer only need the seeds of apple and buried in the soil to take care of, in the end can grow a new generation of â€Å"me†. Peoples market, consumer can buy me with 0.2 pounds per unit. However, not every country of the soil can be cultivated apple, in some countries, the weather was too hot, or too cold, there are not suitable to  grow a sweet and delicious apple e.g. Arabia and Egypt. (Rutuja Jathar, 2011) My apple peel is rich in antioxidant function, so it gives me more durable. Businesses are regarded me long-distance transported to other countries, and keep fresh selling out. My fleshes bring a lot of benefit; therefore, businesses have to use my benefits to earn profit in the market. Some marketers edit my appearance as a billboard to let people know the benefits; some lecturer launch courses to teach people why eat apple; some even speak An apple a day keeps the doctor away., let people every days put me into their mouth. But I am very happy, because it can provide nutrition to the people, and also to give business opportunities to the businesses. b) The 21st century, as the peoples lifestyle changes, healthy is the future trends. Marketers were took my benefits packed into the marketing mix to make a profit e.g. health care products. In fact, the benefits also allow employers to solve some problems, that is, reduce the employees work attitude. Some unemployed tradesmen are quite willing to interview, but less than enthusiastic about taking a job. In fact, every companys marketing strategy will directly affect the employees attitude, such as the companys tactics cannot growth the profit, so will make employee lose fighting spirit. My marketing mix, it is undeniable that can help many employees. First, according to the Matt Michel theory, the visibility and benefits of the product is to improve the companys sales. Sales will be able to enhance the employees salary, which is the best reason to convince the employees. If the company is not profitable, the employee is no longer rescued by the employer. The employee will be particularly concerned about the ability to obtain better benefits, such as salary increase, allowances, and so on. Secondly, although the price is just one ringgit an apple, but this price is a very big influence to the market. Some people believe that the price of one ringgit is difficult to obtain more profit, but the global populations are more than 6.9 billion, if one person to eat an apple a day, if an apple earns 0.01 pounds, the employer successful to earn 69million. If the employer with a high brand image, employee can be proud to work in the  company. Thirdly, apple can sell all over the world can affect the employment rate. Some places cannot grow apples, but the employer can transfer the apple to the country with the advance of technology e.g. keep fresh and air transportation. The finally is promotion. â€Å"An apple a day keeps the doctor away’, I believe everyone knows the proverb. There is no doubt that it was enough to affect the consumers of existing and next generation, and only need the proverb advertising to remind the consumers to buy it. Apples low has been reached maturity, unless it was confirmed that the Apple bringing harmful, otherwise the employee will agree that the business opportunity of apple will not be end. (Matt Michel, 2010) c)  Admittedly, I have many benefits but also have a negative side. Apple skin can protect the pulp of fresh, but if it loses the apple skin, the pulp will become no nutrition and broken just in ten minutes, so consumers must be finish it in short time. Of course, the solution is placed the flesh in the water contains antioxidant, so apple can maintain and extend the nutrition of the flesh, but this is only a temporary solution, it is best to immediately eat. Apple is a natural plant items, Apple can improve peoples health, which is the largest business opportunities. Consumer only can use the existing technology to maintain the nutrition of apple such as plastic fresh wrap. Reference Part 1 reference Philip Kotler, Gary Armstrong, 2006. Principles of Marketing 14th edition, p.51-290, Pearson Education Limited, Prentice Hall, USA. Borden, Neil H. (1964), The Concept of the Marketing Mix, Journal of Advertising Research, 4 (2), 2-7. Robert McNamara, unknown year (2012 copyright). The Invention of the Telegraph Changed Communication Forever: A Communication Revolution Wired the World In the 19th Century, online, n.d, available from World Wide Web: http://history1800s.about.com/od/inventioninnovation/a/telegraph01.htm [accessed date 03th May 2012] Shane R. Mittan, 2010. APPLE: A Case Study Analysis, 28th Jan, Western Michigan University, West Michigan Ave, Kalamazoo, Philip Kotler, Veronica Wong, John Saunders, Gary Armstrong, 2005. Principles of Marketing, 4th European Edition, p.34-36, Pearson Education Limited, Mateu-Cromo Artes Graficas, Spain. Anonymous, 2010, History of the U.S Telegraph Industry, online, 01th Feb, available from World Wide Web: http://eh.net/encyclopedia/article/nonnenmacher.industry.telegraphic.us [accessed date on 03th May 2012] Marketingteacher, 2012, Three Levels of a Product, online, n.d, available from World Wide Web: http://marketingteacher.com/lesson-store/lesson-three-levels-of-a-product.html# [Accessed date on 04th May 2012] Philip Kotler and Kevin Lane Keller, 2011. Marketing Management, 14th Edition, Pearson Education Limited, 18th Feb, p.260-261, Prentice Hall, USA. Maxis, 2012. iPhone 4S: iVALUE PLANS, online, n.d, available from World Wide Web: http://www.maxis.com.my/personal/iphone/rates.asp [accessed date on 04th May 2012] IOANNIS KOMNINOS, 2002, Product Life Cycle Management, online, n.d, source from URENIO, available from World Wide Web: http://www.urenio.org/tools/en/Product_Life_Cycle_Management.pdf [accessed date on 04th May 2012] Part 2 References Rutuja Jathar, 2011. Apple Trees Planting: Location, online, 20th September, available from World Wide Web: http://www.buzzle.com/articles/apple-trees-planting.html [accessed date on 07th May 2012] nutrition-and-you, 2012. Apple fruit nutrition facts, online, n.d, available from World Wide Web: http://www.nutrition-and-you.com/apple-fruit.html [accessed date on 07th May 2012] Matt Michel, 2010. tilize a marketing mix to recruit employees, online, 1st Nov, available from World Wide Web: http://contractormag.com/columns/michel/utilize-marketing-mix-1110 [accessed date on 07th May 2012]

Analysis of Infosys Technologies Limited

Analysis of Infosys Technologies Limited Infosys Technologies Ltd. was inaugurated in 1981 by seven people with US$ 250. Today, it is a global leader in the ‘next generation of IT and earning revenues of US$ 6.04 billion. Infosys designs, defines and delivers technology-enabled business solutions for Global 2000 companies. Infosys provides a complete range of services by leveraging its dominion and business expertise and strategic alliances with leading technology providers. The objective of this assignment is analysis of Infosys Technologies Limited which provides consulting and IT services. Infosys has been the first one in this field to offer innovative solutions to its clients. The company offers ample range of software services, namely application development and maintenance, independent validation services, infrastructure services, corporate performance management, packaged application services and product engineering and systems integration. Infosys established the Global Delivery Model (GDM), which emerged as a disturbing force in the industry leading to the rise of offshore outsourcing. The GDM is based on the formula of taking work to the site where the best talent is available, where it makes the best economic sense, with the least amount of acceptable risk. Infosys has a world-wide footprint with 64 offices and 63 development centers in US, India, China, Australia, Japan, Middle East, UK, Switzerland, Germany, France, Netherlands, Poland, Canada and many other countries. Infosys and its subsidiaries have 130,820 employees working with it as on March 31, 2011. Infosys takes delight in building strategic long-term client relationships. EVALUATING THE ENVIRONMENT EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT PESTLE ANALYSIS PESTEL ANALYSIS: There are many features in the macro-environment with the intention of the conclusion of the executive of several organizations. PESTEL ANALYSIS OF INFOSYS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. The PESTEL analysis of Infosys Technologies Ltd. is as follows: (P)olitical While discussing PESTEL analysis of Infosys Technologies Ltd. firstly I discuss political aspect of PESTEL analysis of Infosys Technologies Ltd. As part of the countrywide movement and revolutionize, Infosys Technologies Ltd. is immediately one pattern of dense that are triumphant in equally types of business that is familial and worldwide commerce (2003). The positive aspects of the political analysis of Infosys Technologies Ltd. are that Indian political structure is considered stable enough expect the fact that there is a fear of hung parliament. Government owned companies and PSUs have decided to give more IT projects to Indian IT companies. The negative aspects of the political analysis of Infosys Technologies Ltd. are that U.S. government has declared that U.S companies that outsource IT work to other locations other than U.S. will not get tax benefit and terrorist attack or war. (E)conomic While discussing PESTEL analysis of Infosys Technologies Ltd. secondly I discuss economic aspect of PESTEL analysis of Infosys Technologies Ltd. The positive aspects of the economic analysis of Infosys Technologies Ltd. are that Domestic IT Spending(Demand): Domestic market to grow by 20% and reach approx USD 20 billion in 2008-09 NASSCOM. Decline in real estate prices has resulted reducing the rental expenditures and due to recession, the layoffs and job-cuts have resulted in low attrition rate. Along with that economic attractivenessdue to cost advantage and other factors is also a positive factor. The negative aspect of the political analysis of Infosys Technologies Ltd. is of global IT spending trends. (S)ocial While discussing PESTEL analysis of Infosys Technologies Ltd. secondly I discuss economic aspect of PESTEL analysis of Infosys Technologies Ltd. The positive aspects of the economic analysis of Infosys Technologies Ltd. are that English is widely spoken language in India, English medium being the most accepted medium of education. Thus, India boasts of large English speaking population.Regarding educationa number of technical institutes and universities over the country offer IT education are there and working age population is also a constructive societal factor. (T)echnological While discussing PESTEL analysis of Infosys Technologies Ltd. secondly I discuss economic aspect of PESTEL analysis of Infosys Technologies Ltd. The positive aspects of the economic analysis of Infosys Technologies Ltd. are telephony that is India has the worlds lowest call rates (1-2 US cents). India expected to have total subscriber base of about 500 million by 2010. ARPU for GSM is USD 6.6 per month. India has the second largest telephone network after china. Tele-density 19.86 %. Indian technology also give a chance to enterprise telephone services, 3G, Wi-max and VPN are poised to grow. Another positive aspect of Indian technology is the Internet Backbone. Due to IT revolution of „90s, Indian cities and India is well connected with undersea optical cables. Along with that new IT technologies like SOA, Web 2.0, High-definition content, grid computing, etc and innovation in low cost technologies is presenting new challenges and opportunities for Indian IT industry. (L)egal While discussing PESTEL analysis of Infosys Technologies Ltd. secondly I discuss economic aspect of PESTEL analysis of Infosys Technologies Ltd. The positive aspects of the economic analysis of Infosys Technologies Ltd. are that IT SEZ requirement ofIT companies can set up SEZ with minimum area of 10 hectares and enjoy a host of tax benefits and fiscal benefits. Contract / Bond requirements: Huge debates surrounding the bonds under which the employees are required to work, which is not legally required. IT Act like Indian government is strengthening the IT act, 2000 to provide a sound legal environment for companies to operate esp. related to security of data in transmission and storage, etc.Companies operating in Software Technology Park (STPI) scheme will continue to get tax-benefit till 2010. (E)nvironmental While discussing PESTEL analysis of Infosys Technologies Ltd. secondly I discuss economic aspect of PESTEL analysis of Infosys Technologies Ltd. The energy efficient processes and equipments that companies are focusing on reducing the carbon footprints, energy utilization, water consumption, etc. PORTERS FIVE FORCES MODEL (INDIAN IT INDUSTRY) Threat of Substitutes: While discussing the Porters analysis of Infosys Technologies Ltd. the very first point of discussion is threat of substitutes. Regarding threat of substitutes other offshore locationssuch as Eastern Europe, the Philippines and China, are emerging and are posing threat to Indian IT industry because of their cost-advantage. However, this should have an impact only in the medium to long term. Along with that pricequoted for projects is a major differentiator, the quality of products being same. Bargaining power of supplier: While discussing the Porters analysis of Infosys Technologies Ltd. the second point of discussion is bargaining power of supplier. Due to slowdown, the job-cuts, the layoffs and bleak IT outlook and supply of IT professionals is no longer that favorable to employees. Availability of vast talent pool that is fresher and experienced is also increase buying power of supplier. Bargaining Power of Customers: While discussing the Porters analysis of Infosys Technologies Ltd. the third point of discussion is power of buyers. Large number of IT companies vying for IT projects resulting in high competition for projects. On the other hand huge decline in IT expenditure: Indian IT sector is dependent on USA and BFSI in particular for majority of its revenues, and with the recent financial crisis, the new spending from these has reduced tremendously. However, for the existing products and services, the clients continue the old companies. Barriers to Entry: Low While discussing the Porters analysis of Infosys Technologies Ltd., the next point of discussion is a new entrant that isLow capital requirements and large value chain which provide space for small enterprises. Along with that MNCs are ramping up capacity and employee strength. Rivalry among Firms: High While discussing the Porters analysis of Infosys Technologies Ltd., the last point of discussion is rivalry among firms.Commoditized offerings, ‘low-cost, little-differentiation positioning, high industry growth and strong competitors like few numbers of large companies. SWOT ANALYSIS OF INFOSYS (S)TRENGTHS Leadership in sophisticated solutions that enable clients to optimize the efficiency of their business. Global and 24/7 delivery capability excellent internet backbone and telecommunications facilities enabling companies to develop 24/7 delivery capabilities from India itself Commitment to superior quality and process execution Infosys has quality standards such as CMM Level 5i to differentiate from other competitors Strong Brand and Long-Standing Client Relationships Status as an employer of choice Ability to scale Innovation and leadership. Cost advantage Presence of Infosys in India is key to its success Breadth of service offering end to end solutions including high end services like IT consultancy and KPO. (W)EAKNESSES Excessive dependence on US for revenues 67 % of revenues from USA. Excessive dependence on BFSI sector for revenues 36 % of revenues from BFSI. Banking sector is facing a crisis globally and is going to spend less on IT. Weak player in domestic market. Only 1 % of revenues from India low as compared to peers Low R D spending as compared to global IT companies only 1.3 % of total revenues Rising wage bill 42.9 % to 44.8 % of revenues Low expertise in high end services like Consultancy and KPO. revenues to be hit hard for Infosys High rates of attrition Although slowdown in global economy has lowered attrition rate but the industry still faces high attrition rates as compared to other sectors. Decreasing competitive advantage rising salary expenses is taking away the cost advantage enjoyed by Indian companies (including Infosys). (O)PPORTUNITIES Domestic market set to grow by 20%. Expanding into new geographies Europe, Middle East, etc Infosys is cash rich (Around US $ 1 Billion) Acquiring companies to increase expertise in Consultancy, KPO and package implementation capabilities Opening offices and development centers in cost advantage countries such as those in Latin America and Eastern Europe. (T)HREATS Intense competition in the market for technology services could affect cost advantages. High dependency on a small number of clients, and the loss of any one of the major clients could significantly impact business. Termination of Client contracts can typically be terminated without cause and with little or no notice or penalty. Global economic slowdown may continue for several years hence low IT spending globally. US Govt. against outsourcing. Shrinking margins due to rising wage inflation. Rupee-dollar movement affects revenue and hence margins. Increased competition from foreign firms like Accenture, IBM etc. Increased competition from low-wage countries like China, Indonesia etc. INFOSYS BCG MATRIX INDIA The Boston Matrix catalog occasion in collection which is total 4 groups, exposed on corporation of Market Growth and Market Share: BCG MATRIX ANALYSIS OF INFOSYS TECHNOLOGIES LTD: Dogs: While discussing BCG Matrix for Infosys Technologies Ltd firstly Dogs are discussed. When market share as well as market growth both are low then the circumstances is known as dogs. If we apply this on Infosys Technologies Ltd none is applied under dogs. Cash Cows: While discussing BCG Matrix for Infosys Technologies Ltd. secondly cash cows are discussed. When market share is high and market growth is low then the situation is known as cash cows. Here, Infosys Technologies Ltd is this situation is applied on maintenance application and development software products. Stars: While discussing BCG Matrix for Infosys Technologies Ltd. thirdly Stars s are discussed. When market split and market enlargement both are high then the situation is known as stars. Here Infosys Technologies Ltd.BPO is come under stars. Question Marks: While discussing BCG Matrix for Infosys Technologies Ltd. fourthly and finally question marks are discussed. When market share is low and market growth is high then the situation is called question marks. Question marks are also known as problem child. Consulting KPO and package information are considered as question marks here. McKinseys 7 S Model Strategy Infosys has adopted a client-focused strategy to achieve growth. Rather than concentrating on numerous small organizations, it concentrates on limited number of large organizations globally. In order to gratify its clients, the company stresses on custom-built software. Another contrasting factor for Infosys is that it commands premium margins. Company does not adjusts over margins beyond a certain point and sometime prefers to walk-out rather than compromise and adjust on quality for low-cost contracts. This has helped in establishing an image for quality driven model rather than cost-differentiating model. Increase business from existing and new clients Expand geographically Enhance solution set: Stresses on emerging trends, new technologies, specific industries and pervasive business issues. Develop deep industry knowledge Enhance brand visibility Pursue alliances and strategic acquisitions Leadership Style Infosys believes that leadership is one of the most primary and essential ingredients of organizational success which is provided by its Chairman, N R Narayanmurthy. Leadership is based on high business vision and prevailing supportive styles. There is attention on developing leadership qualities among employees. For this purpose, it has constituted â€Å"Infosys Leadership Institute†. Top management lays stress on open door policy, continuous sharing of information, takes inputs from employees in decision making, and builds personal empathy with employees. Staff (Human Resources) Since Infosys is in knowledge-based industry, it focuses on the quality of the human resources. Out of total employees of the organization, about 90 per cent are engineers. At the entry level, it lays stress on selecting candidates who find the companys meritocratic culture satisfying, superior academic records, technical skills, and high level of learn ability. The company also stresses on training and development of its employees on constant basis and spends about 2.65 per cent of its profits on up gradation of employees skills, and around 50% as employee costs. Shared Values Values are essential part of Infosyss organizational culture. In fact its tagline characterizes how much emphasis it lays on basic values. The basic values are: Customer Satisfaction: A commitment exceeding customer expectations. Leadership by Example: A commitment to set principles in business and transactions and be an exemplar for the industry and teams. Integrity and Clarity: A commitment to be worthy, sincere and open in our dealings. Fairness: A commitment to be impersonal and transaction-oriented, thereby earning trust and respect. Quest of Excellence: A commitment to strive continuously, to regularly improve ourselves, our teams, our services and products so as to become the best. Organizational Structure The company has adopted a free form organization devoid of hierarchies. Everyone is known as assistant irrespective of his position in the company. Software development is undertaken through teams and the content of teams is based on the principle of flexibility. A member, who might have been team leader in one project, may be substituted with another member of the same team for another project. This system not only helps in developing the feeling of equality but also helps in developing project leaders. Skills From last year, Infosys has made it mandatory for every employee to clear a predefined certifications, domain as well as technical, in order to be eligible for appraisal. This is just one of the initiatives taken by Infosys which signifies the efforts taken for building competencies. Apart from internal initiatives like knowledge management, Infosys has been CMM-Level 5 certified for its process capabilities. Infosys has entered the Balanced Scorecard Hall of Fame for Executing Strategy for achieving breakthrough performance results using the Balanced Scorecard (BSC). GRAND STRATEGIES Ansoffs Matrix: Current Market New Market Current Product Market Penetration Strategy Market Development Strategy New Product Product Development Strategy Diversification Strategy MARKET PENETRATION STRATEGY: Current Markets: While discussing market penetration strategy the first point of discussion is current markets. For Infosys Technologies Ltd current markets are USA and Europe. Products: While discussing market penetration strategy the second point of discussion is products. For Infosys Technologies Ltd products are ADM, BPO, KPO, consultancy services (in BFSI, manufacturing and retail) and software products (financial products). Recommendation: While discussing market penetration strategy the third point of discussion is recommendation. For Infosys Technologies Ltd as most large clients in US and Europe are cutting costs, Infosys needs to be more aggressive on cost and quality front. Result of strategy: While discussing market penetration strategy the last point of discussion is result of strategy. For Infosys Technologies Ltdthe result of strategy is unlikely to yield good results. MARKET DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY: New Market: While discussing market development strategy the first point of discussion is new markets. For Infosys Technologies Ltd new markets are India, Middle-east and Australia. Current Product: While discussing market development strategy the second point of discussion is current product. For Infosys Technologies Ltd current products are ADM, BPO, KPO, consultancy services (in BFSI, manufacturing and retail) and software products (financial products). Recommendation: While discussing market development strategy the third point of discussion is recommendation. For Infosys Technologies Ltd current markets since these are fast developing IT market, Infosys needs a paradigm shift in focus from US and EU markets to these markets. Result of strategy: While discussing market development strategy the fourth point of discussion is result of strategy. For Infosys Technologies Ltd current markets are likely to yield good result. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY: Current Market: USA and Europe New Product: Consultancy and package implementation services in relatively growing sectors esp. healthcare, life sciences and aviation sector, and KPO services. Recommendation: Concentrate on building expertise in these domains by strategic acquisitions. Result of Strategy: Likely to have good result. (Better the company acquired, the better the result). DIVERSIFICATION: New Market: India, Middle-east and Australia New product: Consultancy and package implementation services in relatively growing sectors esp. healthcare, life sciences and aviation sector, and KPO services. Recommendation: Changing Brand image from low value service provider to high value service provider. Result of Strategy: Difficult to achieve overnight (possible in long term). OTHER STRATEGIES: CONCENTRATION: 90% of Infosys revenues from American and European nations. VERTICAL INTEGRATION: Infosys recently made a bid to acquire a European major Axon consultancy to improve its business in European markets, but finally called off the deal due to high valuation. Otherwise, Infosys has always believed in organic growth. INNOVATION: The Software Engineering and Technology Labs (SETLabs) at Infosys is the center for applied technology research in software engineering and enterprise technology. SET Labs conducted 24 Innovation Workshops with customers from the US and Australia, to identify research collaboration possibilities. Infosys promotes a favorable work environment that encourages innovation and meritocracy. At the conclusion of this assignment I would like discuss the main points. Global sourcing strategy is aligned with business strategy. Enhancing operational efficiency and delivering value added services. Structuring processes and services into modules thus leading to enhanced flexibility and productivity. Aggressive focus on ERP solutions like Oracle and SAP.. this conclusion is based on the rigorous analysis and one can learn for the conclusion to expand into high end consulting. Consolidation and Strategic acquisitions are essential for future growth of revenues.Shift in focus from low cost advantage to high quality services. Quick adoption to high growth markets is necessary.